Indian tribes
The main focus of this article is to outline some historical and esoteric subjects related to the area of the Amazon, where is the presence of many native tribes, some of them even unknown to us. The world is more importantly aware of the situation of various native people, who live in isolation, and it is almost unbelievable that animals have better protection than groups of people living freely in nature, if their wish is to stay forever in isolation. A desire to live this way is the legitimate right - the basic right... The situation of these people is, however, appalling even in spite of the UNO's recommendations.
The Madidi National Park
One of the most attractive and arcane natural parks is the Madidi National Park, which was established on September 21, 1995. It covers the area of almost 19,000 km2 and it is on the Bolivia-Peru border in Latin America. There is not even a full list of the flora and fauna in the area, as this place has been explored only a little until now.
The National Geographic classifies this area as "the reservation with the richest biodiversity in the world". The population consists of various groups, of the uncontacted people, too. In our history, Indians were abused by the influx of white settlers, who made slaves of them, and this is the dark side of the Latin America's history, but in North America it was not much too better. Many Indian tribes experienced their worst times particularly in the period of the so-called "rubber industry", when white migrants massacred them often.
During the age when South America was first explored, some historians followed various native tribes that had never come into contact with the white culture. One of such tribes is the alleged Toromona group of people. During the colonization, Spaniards did not have much luck to settle down in the area of the Amazon, where their main goal was to find a secret place called Patiti - an alleged hiding place of the Incas' biggest treasures, which the Incas concealed from Spaniards. There are also some historical records that confirm the fact that the Incas sealed subterranean tunnels in ritual ceremonies.
Toromona Indians contacted the white civilization only in battle. It is known that they supported the Incas and there are historical records about this tribe, albeit it has never been found. One of their chieftains became famous in a battle against Spaniards and records say that his name was Tarano.
Sometimes in the 20th century, Protestant missionaries observed, during their flight above the Amazon area, an isolated group of Indians somewhere near the Madre de Dios River and they came to a conclusion that it could be these Toromona people. However, later - after making a personal contact with them - they identified them as quite a different group (Araona), the number of which is about one hundred and they live in vulnerable conditions; however, they linguistically belong to the same group as the Toromona tribe.
Cordillera Apolobamba is probably the least explored area in the Andes. It is a line of hills - cordillera, the highest peak of which is Chaupi Orco at 6044 m above the sea level. Many people consider this particular part of the Andes to be a place where El Dorado or Patiti can be found. Apolobamba has a unique eco environment with unknown species of fauna and flora. Father Miguel Cavello Balboa wrote about one city of gold and he described Patiti as a place protected by warrior women; he also mentioned the Toromona tribe with notes that it did not have any mercy in killing.
A route from La Paz (capitol of Bolivia) to Pelechuca (a little city in the heart of Apolobamba) takes about 14 hours by bus and civilized people seldom visit such a wild region. This is certainly one of the reasons why this area is known so little. Apolobamba ends with the Amazon forest on its eastern side; many people died here, as they thought that a way to the legendary "lost city" starts somewhere here. Madre de Dios forest starts here, too; if translated, it is the Mother (Madre) of (de) God (Dios).
A well-known British traveler Percy Fawcett made several expeditions to the Amazon including this region (Apolobamba) and in 1914 he met one Indian tribe called Maxubis in the region of Mato Grosso (Brazil). These people were sun worshippers. They showed him some signs to prove that they had come from a much higher civilization.
We can speak about two types of "alienated" Indian or native tribes - 1) the isolated and 2) the uncontacted ones. Whereabouts of the isolated are known, but they refuse to come into contact with us. There may be some information about the uncontacted, but the contact has never been established. The word "contact" is important to understand here, as it means more than just one meeting with a member of the majority race. For example, among the uncontacted is the Toromona tribe, but also Huaorani or Tagaeri, though the existence of the Toromona people requires an independent confirmation.
On January 18, 2007, FUNAI (Fundacao Nacional do Indio), which is a Brazil's national institute for protection of Indians, confirmed the presence of 67 tribes as the uncontacted, while in the year 2005 FUNAI reported the number of 40.
Albeit the Norwegian biologists Lars Hafskjold, who searched for this ethnic group (Toromona), became quite famous by his disappearance (1997), we still know nothing about the existence of the Toromona tribe. However, it is known that Lars had only one goal - to find this tribe, which is a puzzle to many historians.
Uncontacted tribes in South America
Brazil is the country with the biggest number of unknown ethnic groups in the world; their number in a group is about 20 to 400 aborigines.
Bolivia: Sinabo/Kapuibo (Nahua), Yanaigua, Yuqui...
Brazil: Apiaka, Apurina, Arua, Ava-Canoeiros, Guaja, Ingarune, Kanibo (Mayo), Kaniwa (Korubo), Karafawyana, Karitiana, Katawixi, Kayapo do Rio Liberdade, Kayapo-Pu'ro, Kayapo-Pituiaro, Kayapo-Kararao, Kulina, Maku (Nadeb), Mamaindé, Hi-Marima, Mayoruna, Miqueleno (Cujubi), Nereyana, Pakaa-Nova, Papavo group, then Pariuaia, Piriutiti, Sateré, Tupi-Kawahib (Piripicura), Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Wayapi (Yawapi), Yakarawakta...
Columbia: Karabayo, Guaviare Macusa
Ecuador: Huaorani
Guyana: Wapishana
French Guiana: Wayapi
Peru: Morunahua, Parquenahua, Pisabo
Surinam: Akulio
Venezuela: Yanomami
Paraguay: Totobiegosode clan
Aramu Muru
Aramu Muru, a mysterious door found only recently (1996), can be photographed some 34 km from Puno, a city in Peru in 3825 m above the sea level near the lake Titicaca. After discovering this mysterious door, a wider public became more interested in an Indian legend that spoke of a "gate to the land of Gods". The "stargate" near the lake Titicaca is a stone construction seven meters high and seven meters wide. There is a legend about an Incan priest, Aramu Muru, who belonged to the "seven rays cult"; one day he set off from Tiahuanaco to Cusco with a golden disc that represented the "Key of the Seven Rays Gods". The disc had allegedly controlled openings into subterranean tunnels. The priest disappeared on his way and nobody has ever seen him since then.
Native people living nearby say that strange phenomena can be seen sometimes near this door, for example, high men accompanied by shining "balls of light", or "people" entering into this door and disappearing there. For those who live here, it is clear evidence that legends really contain messages of gods. In addition, there are many historical records about tunnels in South America; these reports appeared immediately after Spaniards found that the Incas concealed most of their gold and used the tunnel system to hide it. Does not the "door" of Aramu Muru look like an entrance into the underground?
http://www.karinya.com/door1.htm
More from history
There are theories about an ancient migration from Asia to America. Nobody denies that the ancient history of South America can yet even today reveal unknown secrets from the time of many years before Christ, and that more civilizations co-existed here. Albeit scholars consider the Olmecs to be the oldest civilization, other cultures like Pucara and Tiahuanaco (Tiwanaku) are often mentioned in historical relation to the lake Titicaca, from the waters of which Manco Capac and Mama Ocllo arose - as the legends say - who founded the Inca Empire. There is an Island of the Sun with very ancient temple in the middle of the lake.
Before the Inca Empire, the Aymará culture lived here. It is the ethnic group living in part of the Andes, especially in Peru and Bolivia, even today. The heritage of this culture is also Pachamama (Mother of God), who has her shrines in Peru and Bolivia. The Incas absorbed Pachamama as a "dragon goddess" of fertility, but the best translation is "Mother Earth". The Aymará culture, which had prospered near the lake Titicaca already some 1500 years before Christ, left various archeological artifacts here. In the 15th century, the Incas conquered this civilization.
The Incas
Most historians agree that the Incas had 13 emperors: 1. Manco Capac, 2. Sinchi Roca, 3. Lloque Yupanqui, 4. Maita Capac, 5. Capac Yupanqui, 6. Inca Roca, 7. Yahuar Huacac, 8. Inca Viracocha, 9. Pachacuti-Inca-Yupanqui, 10. Topa Inca Yupanqui, 11. Huayna Capac, 12. Huascar, 13. Atahuallpa. The Inca Empire arose in the year 1200 AD and ended in 1535 AD.
People in Peru, Bolivia and the rest of the Inca Empire were not all the "true Incas", but Indians of the Quechua and Aymará origin. The Incas were the elite governors of other race, who were convinced that they had come from a bearded messenger of gods, whom they worshipped as Viracocha. It is known that this is the reason why they welcomed Spaniards with such a great respect; however, they made a mistake and their genocide followed soon. After the Spanish colonization the Indians, who refused to become Christians, were made slaves. The Inca Empire was remarkable by making it possible to build the territorially biggest Empire in the pre-Columbian America and its political center was Cusco, a city in nowadays Peru. The Empire did not last too long. Spaniards destroyed it in the 16th century also because the Empire was undergoing a severe crisis in the time when Atahualpa, who reigned in the North, and his brother Huascar, engaged in combats against each other. Thus, the Spanish conquistador, Francisco Pizarro, entered into historical records as the conqueror of the Inca Empire.
The Incas, when they understood that they lost in the war, ran away into the mountains. Many of them fell to slavery or were killed by diseases that Europeans had brought here.
Religion
The concept of Viracocha or Apu Qun Tiqsi Wiraqutra and, too, Con-Tici Viracocha - the god of the Incas, was taken from the culture of inhabitants living in the region before the Incas took over. The legend has it that Viracocha had a son - Inti, and a daughter called Pachamama. The legend also speaks about the deluge in which the two Inti's children had been saved - the son Manco Capac and Mama Ocllo (mother of fertility), who rebuilt the world thereafter.
